What is PoE (And 3 Best Power Over Ethernet Devices)

What is PoE?

The illustration below shows what is PoE switch. The majority network devices require two things to function:

• Network – connection through which the camera or other device sends and received information. You can use wifi to connect wirelessly or Ethernet cable for wired connection
• Power – can be delivered to a camera through a wire and depending on what PoE switch you need 12 or 24 Volts current

The benefits of PoE are not only in the simplified cabling, fast deployment, and repositioning but also in the additional functionality like remote power control

There three main types of PoE power supplies you can use:

• PoE injector is a poe hub that uses existing Ethernet cabling and injects power into it. The injector is used between a camera and a router
• PoE switch is a network switch that can power 4 and more PoE devices. It is connected to your router to integrate PoE devices into your network
• PoE-enabled NRV is a network recording device that would also have 4 or more ports to power the PoE cameras. NVRs would normally have simpler PoE functionality comparing to the above

What type of PoE power supply to choose?

• For a single or two cameras, PoE injectors are the best option for PoE hubs. They would be cheaper compared to a PoE switch. An additional advantage of using injector is additional resilience in maintenance as in you will have downtime only for one camera case of a power outage
• If PoE is only needed to power cameras and you need NVR for video storage, an NVR with PoE ports will be most practical and affordable solution.
• For everything else, especially if you require to advance PoE functionality (see the factors below), PoE switch would work the best for you

5 Factors When Buying PoE hubs and PoE Power Injectors

1. Number of cameras: PoE injectors can usually power up to two devices while PoE switches and PoE NVRs can power up to 32 devices. We recommend to plan for additional capacity and buy at least a couple of more ports in case you will decide to expand your setup. For than two cameras it becomes cost inefficient to use PoE injectors with PoE switch or PoE enabled NVR being a better choice.
2. PoE for other devices: A number other devices can be powered by PoE such as wireless access points and VoIP phones, but if you are only planning to use it for cameras PoE NVR might be a more suitable option for you. This is a more cost-efficient solution (as you will not need to buy both NVR and PoE switch) but will make the cameras dependent on NVR for both recording and power supply.
3. Power supply – PoE vs PoE+: There are two main PoE standards – PoE and PoE+. They are also called 802.3af and 802.3at respectively. The main difference is the maximum watts the device could provide with PoE+ power suppliers capable of twice more watts compared to conventional PoE. The majority of bullet and dome cameras consume as little as 3 or 4 watts (like our favourite bullet camera Amcrest HDSeries IPM-743E – $40). You will usually only require PoE+ with PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras. As an example, our recommended PTZ camera (Reolink RLC-423 – $249) could draw up to 20 Watt as it requires extra power to move the camera around. Note that Type 3 and Type 4 PoE standards are also being developed and will be capable of 60W and 90W output.
4. Power supply voltage (12V vs 24V): Security PoE cameras use 12 or 24 Volts and getting the power right avoids overloads or operating issues (signal loss or outages). For example, if a 12V camera is powered by a 24V power source the camera is likely to be burnt out. You should always check the specification of your power supply (injector, switch or NVR) to match the ones in your cameras. It might be a good idea to check if your power supply has the functionality to automatically adjust the voltage to the consumer (which becomes a standard nowadays)
5. Gigabit or not: Gigabit port became a marketing vehicle for some PoE hubs, but is it really important? Gigabit connection usually refers to the connection of your PoE hub to the router. The differentiating point is that Gigabit networks have much higher bandwidths comparing to 100MB switches. The former is capable of 8.192MBps bandwidth is at the very top, while Gigabit networks are capable of 125MBps. Having a Gigabit connection between your router to NRV or PoE switch is a nice functionality for future-proofing. NVRs for up to 4-8 cameras, on the other hand, unlikely ever to reach the 100MB network thresholds. As the example, if you ever decided to watch simultaneously the feed from 8 1080p cameras at 3 FPS you will require a bandwidth of 6.5 MBps. On the other hand, Gigabit uplink is almost a mandatory feature as you require significant bandwidth when connecting to your NVR through the switch for constant recording.

Best PoE Injector: TP-Link TL-PoE150S

Our universal recommendation for the best PoE injector is TL-PoE150S by TP-Link. If you need to power a normal PoE bullet or dome camera (i.e. non-PTZ no PoE+ cameras) it has the best balance of price and quality. The device is extremely easy to use and has two 10/100/1000Mb Ethernet ports. Some users reported that the power adapter is quite big, but we do not think it would be a major issue.

• If you only want a maximum of 100Mb Ethernet bandwidth, you can spend twice less and get Y-Axis Wall Plug PoE ($8). It has a single port but would be sufficient the majority of PoE cameras.
• For the PoE+ cameras, we recommend TRENDnet TPE-115GI ($28), which has a single PoE+/PoE port and works with both 802.3 at and 802.3af protocols. It also has a relatively high operating temperature so it would work great for installations in attics or other areas with high average temperatures.

Best PoE Switch: NETGEAR (GS305P)

Be mindful of

• No real cons unless you are bothered by multiple blinky LED lights.

Vs competition

• 8 Port PoE – you should look into BV-Tech 8 port switch ($64) which is a very strong and reliable switch, but it only offers 10/100M ports.
• Gigabit ports – the best option would be NETGEAR (GS108PP) ($124) although it is more expensive

If you are looking into PoE+ devices, we recommend the following options:

• 4 port PoE+ ports – BV-Tech POE-SW501G ($47) which is has a nice aluminum housing and doesn’t feel cheap like some other switches we have seen. The PoE switch will automatically figure out what PoE power the device needs. The only negative that has been reported is that the power connectors are on the opposite sides of the box and more room is needed to install. Also, the Ethernet jacks do not have link status lights, but there is a separate LED panel which sometimes more difficult to read.
• For a slightly more expensive price, you can get even more bandwidth. TRENDnet TPE-TG50g($64) has four 10 Gigabit ports to future-proof your network connection needs.
• If you have more than 4 PoE+ cameras or devices to connect, you should consider BV-Tech 8 Port Gigabit PoE+ POE-SW800G($79) or slightly less expensive Amcrest AGPS9E8P-AT-96($78) with up to 100M ports. Both been commented on delivering great value for money with reliable services and autodetection functionality.
• If you need more than 8 devices, we recommend BV-Tech 18 Port PoE+ Switch (16 PoE+ Ports | 2 Gigabit uplink) ($110) it is a strong unmanaged switch working well for devices required only 100MB ports
• Managed PoE switches give you more controls over each port. This is not necessarily needed for the home setups and also considerably more expensive. NETGEAR 16-Port Gigabit PoE/PD Managed Switch (GS516TP-100NAS) is a good choice for 16 port setups with the excellent user and professional feedback on reliability and build quality.

When PoE NVR is a good option?

If you want to learn more about NVRs, have a look at our comprehensive guide on What is NVR and Best Network Video Recorders 

Best PoE NVR: Amcrest NV2108E

Be mindful of

• Some descriptions in Amcrest website and manuals are inconsistent and confusing
• The user manual is generic and not model specific

Installation and use 

To get started you need to install HDD (standard 3.5″ drive). We recommend WD Purple 4TB ($117) disk but any 3.5″ SATA drive should work. Next, connect your PoE camera into one of the ports.

Plug NVR into your router using ethernet and connect a monitor using RGB / HDMI and a mouse. Plug the NVR into the power plug and follow the relatively simple onscreen instructions to start watching/recording your security videos

Be mindful of the storage drives (HDDs) that you will need to install and calculate the capacity you would need. Very crude calculations put a recording rate to about 500 MB / Hour / Megapixel. So, the 4MP camera would require approximately 2 GB of data per hour on a constant recording mode.

Alternative Pick for PoE NVR: Reolink RLN8-410 

Be mindful of

• Noisy Fan, which might be an issue for quite rooms. You can replace it with the alternative fan (like Noctua NF-A4x10 FLX) under 3 minutes
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